The plaintiff has the initial choice of bringing the case in state or federal court. This type of jurisdiction is called “original jurisdiction.” Sometimes, the jurisdiction of state courts will overlap with that of federal courts, meaning that some cases can be brought in both courts. The federal district court is the starting point for any case arising under federal statutes, the Constitution, or treaties. Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction, meaning they can only hear cases authorized by the United States Constitution or federal statutes. The primary difference for civil cases (as opposed to criminal cases) is the types of cases that can be heard in the federal system. There are 94 district courts, 13 circuit courts, and one Supreme Court throughout the country.Ĭourts in the federal system work differently in many ways than state courts. ![]() The federal court system has three main levels: district courts (the trial court), circuit courts which are the first level of appeal, and the Supreme Court of the United States, the final level of appeal in the federal system.
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